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Telepathy
Telepathy, from the Greek tele "far" and pathos "feeling", is the supposed ability to transmit or receive thoughts, emotions or images from one mind to another without the use of ordinary sensory channels. The term was coined by the English psychiatrist Frederic W. H. Myers in 1882. It is a subject of parapsychological research.
Research
Systematic telepathy experiments began with Joseph Banks Rhine at Duke University in the 1930s. They were conducted in many laboratories (PEAR at Princeton, work by Daryl Bem) with sometimes statistically significant results, never robustly replicated under independent double-blind conditions. The scientific community considers telepathy unconfirmed.
Alternative explanations
Experiences of "telepathy" between twins, close friends, mothers and children are often explained by shared factors: common life contexts, synchronised habits, expert intuition of the other based on long acquaintance. The impression of "telepathy" can also be produced by confirmation bias (we remember the hits, we forget the misses).
FAQ
Does telepathy exist?
Not according to the mainstream scientific community. Experiences remain subjective.
Are twins "telepathic"?
They certainly have a strong attunement due to familiarity and biology. Rigorous studies have not confirmed actual telepathic communication.
Can I train it?
Not in a verifiable way. "Mental transmission" exercises are widespread but not scientifically validated.