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Reincarnation
Reincarnation is the doctrine according to which the soul, after the death of the body, is reborn in a new body. It is at the heart of Indian philosophies (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism), Platonism, ancient Greek Orphism, twentieth-century theosophy and many contemporary spiritualities. It is rejected by mainstream Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam).
Indian traditions
In Indian philosophies, reincarnation (samsara) is governed by the law of karma: the actions of one life influence the quality of the next. Liberation (moksha in Hinduism, nirvana in Buddhism) consists of leaving the cycle. Buddhism distinguishes between "rebirth" (continuity of mental streams) and "reincarnation" (the transmigration of a substantial soul): technically it speaks of rebirth, not classical reincarnation.
Western tradition
Pythagoras, Plato and the Orphics believed in cycles of lives. Nineteenth-century theosophy (Blavatsky) and Steiner s anthroposophy brought reincarnation back into modern Western esotericism. Some contemporary Christian theologians (Origen in antiquity, certain Gnostic currents) proposed reincarnationist interpretations; these remain minority positions.
FAQ
Is it proven?
No. It remains a philosophical-religious framework accepted by some traditions. So-called "regressions" do not produce verifiable data.
Buddhism and reincarnation?
Technically, Buddhism speaks of "rebirth" (continuity of streams), not of the reincarnation of a substantial soul (a concept rejected by the doctrine of anatta).
Is it compatible with Christianity?
Mainstream Christian churches reject it. Some Christian thinkers accept it, but these are minority positions.