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Mantra
The mantra (from Sanskrit man "mind" and tra "instrument, protection") is a sacred formula, a word, syllable or verse to be recited repeatedly as a support for meditation, prayer or protection. It is central to Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh and Jain traditions. The word has entered everyday Western language as "a repeated phrase that orients the mind".
Famous mantras
Om: the primordial syllable of Hinduism. Om mani padme hum: mantra of Avalokiteshvara, popular in Tibetan Buddhism. Om namah shivaya: mantra dedicated to Shiva. Hare Krishna: the hare krishna mantra of Vaishnavism, popularised in the West by ISKCON. Silent mantras in Zen Buddhism (mu, koan).
Function
The repetition of the mantra (japa) has the function of focusing, concentration and access to deep meditative states. Studies on mantra practices (in particular the Transcendental Meditation of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi) show measurable effects on blood pressure, stress and sleep quality. It remains a spiritual practice beyond the clinical benefits.
FAQ
Do I need to be Hindu to recite one?
No. Mantras are practised by non-Hindus too. Their power is also considered as a phonetic and vibrational practice.
How long to recite?
It depends on the practice. Traditionally 108 repetitions (one "mala", a rosary of 108 beads). Short daily sessions (15-20 minutes) produce measurable effects.
Do "affirmative mantras" in English work?
Positive affirmations in your mother tongue have psychological effects. They are not mantras in the traditional sense, but a related self-suggestion practice.